Chapter 1
The pioneers of pixels
Chapter 2
When the web became the canvas
Chapter 3
The multi-million dollar blockchain boom
Chapter 4
Screens taking over physical spaces
Ch 1 · The pioneers of pixels
andy After using her imaginary machine, Vera Molnár accessed a Paris mainframe in 1968, learning FORTRAN to run a plotter printer.
Quiz
What was the name of the systematic, rule-based method Vera Molnár used to create art by hand before she got access to a real computer?
Quiz
Which programming language did pioneer Vera Molnár learn in 1968 to create her early computer-generated plotter art?
BETA
andy Curate your pixel art gallery to learn how digital screens conquered the art market.
andy The robotic painter evolved from drawing simple lines to mixing its own physical colors.
Quiz
How did Harold Cohen's early computer program AARON physically draw its creations in the 1970s?
Quiz
What was the name of the pioneering autonomous art-making software launched by Harold Cohen in 1973?
Quiz
On which home computer did pop artist Andy Warhol create a live digital portrait of singer Debbie Harry in 1985?
Quiz
Which software program did Andy Warhol use to paint his famous digital portrait of Debbie Harry?
Fun Fact
Warhol's floppy disks: Andy Warhol's 1985 digital paintings were lost on old floppy disks for nearly thirty years until a computer club recovered them in 2014.
Quiz
What electronic laboratory instrument did physicist Herbert W. Franke use to generate his 1956 'oscillograms' art?
Quiz
How did Herbert W. Franke capture the fleeting mathematical patterns generated on his laboratory screens in the 1950s?
Glossary
pixel (noun)
A minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed. In 1953, Ben Laposky bypassed pixels entirely, using an analog oscilloscope to capture electronic wave patterns.
A minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed. In 1953, Ben Laposky bypassed pixels entirely, using an analog oscilloscope to capture electronic wave patterns.