Surprising firsts and early foundations
Power plays and global divisions
Scandals and the bizarre trials
The modern era and global shifts
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Master of History of the popes
schopenhauer A papal decree in 1493 attempted to prevent war by dividing the non-Christian world between Spain and Portugal.
schopenhauer Deep theological and political disputes led to a dramatic split between the Western Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
schopenhauer Match popes with their wildest controversies to discover the complete history of Vatican rules.
The Swiss Guard: Established in 1506 by Pope Julius II, this colorful military unit remains the world's oldest active standing army.
A formal split or division within a religious body or organization. In 1054, a major schism fractured Eastern and Western Christianity following a dispute between Rome and Constantinople.
Where did Cardinal Humbert place the bull of excommunication during the Great Schism of 1054?
Which pope issued the 1493 papal bull dividing newly discovered global territories?
What major division occurred in 1054 AD between Western and Eastern Christian churches?
What was the name of the 1494 treaty that finalized the colonial division between Spain and Portugal?
Which pope crowned Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas Day in 800 AD?
Which church council resolved the Western Schism in 1417 by electing Pope Martin V?