Paradigm Shift Definition
Chapter 1

Breaking physical barriers

Chapter 2

Scientific paradigm shifts

Chapter 3

The biology of belief

Chapter 4

The technology of the unthinkable

Ch 2 · Scientific paradigm shifts
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007skaty William Harvey discovered how blood circulates through the human body.

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007skaty Geneticist Barbara McClintock identified jumping genes in maize plants

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007skaty Earth's massive continents slowly drift across the planet over time

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007skaty The Circle of Blood

It flows in a one-way continuous street (one-way street!) / Pushed by the heart with every beat (every beat!)

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007skaty Doctors rejected the life-saving breakthrough of chlorinated lime handwashing.

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Maizey Hop
BETA

007skaty Time your hops over obstacles to discover how realizing your potential makes anything possible.

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The danger of clean hands

007skaty Without germ theory, peers rejected his 18% to 2% mortality drop as an insult, and Semmelweis died in an asylum before vindication.

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Quiz

What is the psychological phenomenon called where people reject new evidence because it contradicts established beliefs?

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Quiz

What chemical solution did Ignaz Semmelweis use to disinfect doctors' hands at the Vienna General Hospital?

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We reject new truths when they contradict our established beliefs.

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The drifting continents

007skaty Plate tectonics in the 1960s finally proved Wegener's rejected theory of drifting continents.

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Quiz

What modern scientific theory finally provided the mechanism for Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis in the 1960s?

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Quiz

What did Alfred Wegener name the single giant supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago?

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Fun Fact

Continental speed: Earth's tectonic plates move at roughly the same speed that human fingernails grow—about 2.5 centimeters per year.

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Quiz

In what year did Barbara McClintock receive her solo Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, more than thirty years after her discovery?

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Quiz

What organism did Barbara McClintock study for decades to discover transposable elements or 'jumping genes'?

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Glossary
paradigm shift (noun)
A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptions. Thomas Kuhn coined the term in 1962 to explain how scientific communities transition between competing worldviews.

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Quiz

What microscopic blood vessels, discovered by Marcello Malpighi in 1661, finally completed the physical proof of Harvey's circulatory loop?

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Quiz

Whose 1,500-year-old medical teachings did William Harvey challenge with his discovery of blood circulation?

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Gossip

Which scientific breakthrough would have been the hardest to believe at the time?

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