What is the maximum slope angle that ancient workers could reasonably
Chapter 1

The physics of moving mountains

Chapter 2

The great ramp debate

Chapter 3

Aligning with the stars

Chapter 4

The water-powered elevator at Saqqara

Chapter 5

Pyramids around the world

Ch 2 · The great ramp debate
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007skaty Grand Gallery Counterweight

Slide it down, slide it down, The counterweight lifts up the stone!

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007skaty The straight external ramp hypothesis for building the Great Pyramid

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The straight external ramp

007skaty Modern calculations show why a mile-long, 7-degree mudbrick ramp to the Great Pyramid's 481-foot summit is physically impractical

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The spiral wrap-around ramp

007skaty Ancient surveyors required open corners to verify the slope of each face.

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Houdin's Hidden Spiral
BETA

007skaty Guide stone blocks through the hidden spiral to discover how the Great Pyramid was built.

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Fun Fact

Internal pyramid ramps: Infrared camera scans of the Great Pyramid show temperature differences that might reveal the hidden internal ramps proposed by architect Jean-Pierre Houdin.

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Glossary
ramp (noun)
A slope or inclined plane used to join two different levels. Architect Jean-Pierre Houdin proposed in 2006 that an internal ramp was used to build Khufu's monument.

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Gossip

Which pyramid ramp theory do you believe?

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Quiz

What scientific survey from the 1980s provided unexpected evidence of a spiral pattern of varying density inside the Great Pyramid?

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Quiz

Who is the French architect who spent decades developing the theory of an internal spiral ramp inside the Great Pyramid?

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Quiz

What major engineering problem does an exterior spiral ramp create for pyramid builders?

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Quiz

At what approximate angle does the Grand Gallery slope downwards inside the Great Pyramid?

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Quiz

What is the name of the soaring, steep corbelled passage inside the Great Pyramid that may have housed a counterweight system?

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Quiz

What is the maximum slope angle that ancient workers could reasonably use to haul heavy stone blocks up a ramp?

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Quiz

Why is a single, straight external ramp reaching the top of the Great Pyramid considered highly unlikely by modern engineers?

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Quiz

What material was primarily used to construct temporary building ramps in ancient Egypt?

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