Silicon purity: If a silicon wafer were the size of the United States, the maximum allowed impurity would be smaller than a s
Chapter 1

From beach sand to pure silicon

Chapter 2

Designing the microscopic city

Chapter 3

Printing with light in the cleanroom

Chapter 4

Slicing, packaging, and testing the final chip

YOUR GOAL

Master of How computer chips are made

Ch 1 · From beach sand to pure silicon
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Silicon Sandbox
BETA

steve Silicon Sandbox

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steve From Sand to Silicon

Melt the sand to grow a crystal bright, (growing so bright!) / Slice it thin to make the circuits glow! (yeah, that's right!)

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steve Growing the perfect single crystal ingot

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Growing the perfect single crystal ingot

steve A single crystal of silicon is grown from molten liquid using the Czochralski method.

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Achieving the ultimate chemical purity

steve Metallurgical silicon must be refined further until it reaches an astonishing purity level of 99.999999999%.

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Fun Fact

Silicon purity: If a silicon wafer were the size of the United States, the maximum allowed impurity would be smaller than a single coin.

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Glossary
silicon (noun)
A chemical element of atomic number 14, a metalloid widely used in making electronic circuits. Raw silica sand is chemically refined to achieve an ultra-high purity of 99.9999999 percent.

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Gossip

Which part of chip raw materials sounds coolest?

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Quiz

Why must silicon wafers be polished to extreme flatness?

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steve Achieving the ultimate chemical purity

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Quiz

What is the standard diameter of the largest silicon wafers used in modern factories?

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steve The journey from common sand to quartz

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Quiz

Who invented the method used to grow single-crystal silicon ingots?

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steve Slicing the ingot into razor thin wafers

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Quiz

What is the primary raw material used to make the silicon in computer chips?

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Quiz

At what temperature is silicon melted to grow a crystal ingot?

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Quiz

What tool is used to slice a solid silicon ingot into individual wafers?

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Quiz

What extreme purity level is required for semiconductor-grade silicon?

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Quiz

What is the name of the cylindrical solid crystal block of silicon before it is sliced?

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