Why is Europa's ocean kept in a liquid state instead of freezing completely solid?
Chapter 1

Europa the frozen jewel of Jupiter

Chapter 2

Enceladus the active geyser of Saturn

Chapter 3

The recipe for alien life

Chapter 4

Hunting for life in space

YOUR GOAL

Master of Oceans of Europa and Enceladus

Ch 1 · Europa the frozen jewel of Jupiter
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artiteacher The chaotic cracked surface of Europa

Jul 12

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artiteacher Europa's Subsurface Ocean

Deep under the ice, deep under the ice / A hidden ocean flows.

Jul 10

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artiteacher The discovery of Europa by Galileo

Jul 12

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The chaotic cracked surface of Europa

artiteacher Long red fractures called lineae crisscross Europa like giant scratches.

Jul 10

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A global ocean beneath the ice

artiteacher Europa hides a massive liquid ocean beneath a shell of solid ice.

Jul 10

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Europa Ocean Orb
BETA

artiteacher Steer your orb through dark waters to discover how Europa's hidden ocean could support life.

Jul 7

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Fun Fact

Europa's water: Europa holds twice as much liquid water as Earth, despite being smaller than our Moon.

Jul 10

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Glossary
ocean (noun)
The great body of salt water that covers almost seventy-one percent of the Earth's surface. The Galileo spacecraft detected a vast subsurface ocean beneath the icy crust of Jupiter's moon Europa.

Jul 10

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Gossip

Would you visit Europa if you had to live entirely underground?

Jul 10

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Quiz

Which famous astronomer first discovered Jupiter's moon Europa in the year 1610?

Jul 10

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artiteacher A global ocean beneath the ice

Jul 12

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Quiz

Which European Space Agency mission launched in 2023 is also on its way to study Jupiter's icy moons?

Jul 10

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artiteacher The Europa Clipper exploration mission

Jul 12

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Quiz

How does the total volume of liquid water on Europa compare to Earth's oceans?

Jul 10

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Quiz

What is the name of NASA's major space mission launched in 2024 to study Europa?

Jul 10

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Quiz

Approximately how thick do scientists estimate Europa's outer ice shell to be?

Jul 10

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Quiz

Why is Europa's ocean kept in a liquid state instead of freezing completely solid?

Jul 10

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Quiz

What causes the dramatic cracks and fractures seen across the icy surface of Europa?

Jul 10

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Quiz

What color are the mineral-rich cracks, known as lineae, on Europa's surface?

Jul 10