According to a 2020 scientific synthesis in Endocrine Reviews
Chapter 1

The secret hormone factory

Chapter 2

The defense against sarcopenia

Chapter 3

The ultimate sugar sponge

Chapter 4

Muscles talking to the brain

YOUR GOAL

Master of The body's secret longevity engine

Ch 1 · The secret hormone factory
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doctorx Skeletal muscles function as active secretory organs.

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doctorx Skeletal Muscle

Active muscle, active muscle, Releasing myokines when we hustle.

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Activity is how a system communicates with itself.

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doctorx Scientists study how exercise sends chemical messages throughout the human body.

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Muscle as a secretory organ

doctorx Bente Klarlund Pedersen and Mark Febbraio established skeletal muscle as a secretory organ in Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

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The discovery of myokines

doctorx Marathon runners helped discover myokines by showing a hundredfold increase in interleukin-6.

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Mighty Muscle Lab
BETA

doctorx Match exercises to muscles to discover how strength training supports your healthspan as you age.

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Fun Fact

Muscle mass: Skeletal muscle is the single largest organ system in the human body, accounting for roughly 40% of an average person's total body weight.

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Glossary
myokine (noun)
A signaling protein synthesized and released by muscle cells. In 2000, researcher Bente Pedersen discovered that contracting muscles release these proteins to signal other organs.

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Gossip

Which muscle group would you train to boost myokines?

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Quiz

Which Danish researcher pioneered the concept of skeletal muscle acting as an endocrine organ in the early 2000s?

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Quiz

In what medical journal did researchers formally propose the modern framing of skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ in 2012?

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Quiz

How did researchers in Denmark prove that interleukin-6 was produced specifically by contracting muscle fibers?

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Quiz

During a 1999 study on marathon runners, which signaling protein was found to increase 100-fold in the blood after the race?

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Quiz

According to a 2020 scientific synthesis in Endocrine Reviews, approximately how many unique myokines are estimated to be produced by human muscle?

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Quiz

A 2019 clinical trial in Cell Metabolism showed that blocking interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling had what physical effect during exercise?

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Quiz

What is the name of the tiny, fluid-filled cellular bubbles that package and transport exerkines through the bloodstream to other tissues?

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Quiz

What scientific term was highlighted in a 2022 Nature Reviews Endocrinology review to describe all signaling molecules released during physical exercise?

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