Queen Elizabeth I's fear of her flushing toilet
Chapter 1

Ancient channels of the gods

Chapter 2

The Great Stink and the trap of genius

Chapter 3

The physics of the flush

Chapter 4

The future of the flow

YOUR GOAL

Master of The secret life of pipes

Ch 2 · The Great Stink and the trap of genius
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artiteacher The Great Stink

A pool of water in the S-bend blocks the smell (oh-oh yeah!) / Keeping toxic sewer gas locked inside its cell (locked inside!)

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A brilliant invention is useless without the mundane systems to support it.

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Sir Joseph Bazalgette's brick underworld

artiteacher In 1859, Joseph Bazalgette used 318 million bricks to build 82 miles of sewers and 1,100 miles of

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Alexander Cumming's beautiful plumbing bend

artiteacher Alexander Cumming's beautifully curved S-bend plumbing pipe.

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Fun Fact

The royal flush: Queen Elizabeth I was so terrified of the loud noise her new flushing toilet made that she rarely used it.

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Glossary
s-trap (noun)
A curved, S-shaped plumbing pipe that uses a water seal to block sewer gases from entering a building. Alexander Cumming patented this design in 1775, which inadvertently caused London’s infamous 1858 sewer crisis.

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Gossip

Which historical plumbing era seems the worst to live in?

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Quiz

What did 19th-century Londoners mistakenly believe was the primary transmitter of cholera?

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Quiz

Who patented the revolutionary S-bend plumbing trap in 1775?

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Quiz

Why did the S-bend trap represent such a massive breakthrough for indoor plumbing?

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Quiz

Which engineer designed and built London's massive Victorian sewer system after the Great Stink?

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Quiz

What famous structures did Joseph Bazalgette build along the Thames to house his new sewers and act as flood defenses?

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Quiz

What major environmental crisis occurred in London during the hot summer of 1858?

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Quiz

What common myth about the English plumber Thomas Crapper is historically inaccurate?

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Quiz

Who designed the first modern flushing toilet for Queen Elizabeth I in 1596?

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