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Marcus
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marcus The engineering of a skyscraper over Grand Central Terminal's train tracks
marcus The transparent office lobby connecting Park Avenue to Madison Avenue
marcus Foster + Partners designed a visible bronze diagrid skeleton for this skyscraper.
marcus Architect Norman Foster suspended a massive Midtown Manhattan skyscraper above the street.

marcus Position the fan columns to learn how engineers lift a giant skyscraper off the street.
marcus 270 Park Avenue
We are floating on a fan of steel, eighty feet over the train tracks below!

marcus Bold diagonal steel braces wrapped in bronze give the tower its iconic look.
Train track puzzle: Below 270 Park Avenue, trains pass through active tunnels every few minutes, requiring the tower's massive columns to thread perfectly between the tracks.

marcus The skyscraper sits directly on top of active train tunnels.
A structural member or beam that projects horizontally and is supported at only one end. At 270 Park Avenue, a cantilevered base suspends the tower eighty feet above the street.
How tall is the new JPMorgan Chase headquarters at 270 Park Avenue?
Should cities build more public plazas even if it means taller skyscrapers?
Why did the architects of 270 Park Avenue lift the tower eighty feet off the ground?
By how much did the new design of 270 Park Avenue increase the outdoor public space at street level compared to the old building?
What complex underground challenge did the structural engineers face when building 270 Park Avenue?
How many floors does the 270 Park Avenue skyscraper have?
Which engineering firm served as the structural engineer of record for 270 Park Avenue?
What material is used to clad the striking diagonal bracing on the exterior of 270 Park Avenue?
What is the main structural purpose of the fan columns at the base of 270 Park Avenue?

marcus Play the Pigskin Partners game to experience how rival football leagues fought and merged to form the modern NFL.
marcus The Foolish Club
You wouldn't let us play your game, so the Foolish Club is starting our own league.

marcus The AFL designed a high-scoring, wide-open style of play to attract younger fans.
The Foolish Club: The original AFL owners mockingly called themselves 'The Foolish Club' because sports writers predicted they would lose all their money within months.

marcus The original AFL owners called themselves the Foolish Club because everyone expected them to lose millions.
A privilege or right granted to an individual or group, such as membership in a professional sports league. In 1959, Lamar Hunt founded the American Football League after being denied an NFL franchise.
What self-deprecating nickname did the original eight AFL team owners adopt?
What major change did the AFL make to player jerseys to help television viewers?
Which of these current NFL teams was NOT one of the original eight AFL franchises in 1960?
Which television network signed the AFL's first major broadcast contract in 1960?
How did the AFL handle television revenue differently than the NFL in the early 1960s?
Which Texas businessman founded the American Football League (AFL) after being rejected by the NFL?
Which on-field rule did the AFL introduce in 1960 that the NFL did not adopt until 1994?
What was the name of Lamar Hunt's original AFL team before they moved to Kansas City?

marcus Choose rules before knowing your identity to discover how to build a fair society.
marcus The Mind Behind the Curtain
Behind the veil, drop your scale, make a world where all can win.

marcus Rawls' 1971 masterpiece revitalized modern political philosophy and challenged centuries of established thought.
Rawls's stutter: John Rawls developed a stutter as a child after two of his younger brothers died of infectious diseases they caught from him.

marcus In the turbulent 1960s, social unrest and inequality highlighted the urgent need for a new framework of justice.
An American moral and political philosopher in the liberal tradition. The Harvard professor proposed a landmark fairness thought experiment in his 1971 book, A Theory of Justice.
Which major 1960s social movement in the United States heavily influenced the reception of John Rawls' 1971 book?
Would you prefer a completely equal society or one with some competition?
What is the name of the hypothetical starting state of equality that John Rawls proposed for designing a fair society?
In what year did American philosopher John Rawls publish his groundbreaking book 'A Theory of Justice'?
Which global conflict did John Rawls serve in as an infantryman, deeply shaping his views on justice?
Which philosophical tradition, popular in the 19th century, was John Rawls trying to challenge with his theory of justice?
What tragedy in John Rawls' childhood led to his lifelong stutter and deep empathy for others?
At which American university did John Rawls spend over thirty years teaching philosophy?

marcus Sort daily problems into things you can control to master Stoic self-discipline.
