Why do plant breeders wrap a plastic bag over a manually pollinated
Chapter 1

The mechanical mouth

Chapter 2

The spooky transformation

Chapter 3

The genetics rebel

Chapter 4

From the Mediterranean to the backyard

Ch 3 · The genetics rebel
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Breaking Mendel's laws

artiteacher While pea plants clearly pass down dominant or recessive traits, snapdragons mix their parental colors to create entirely new variations.

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The cleanest rules are often just the simplest exceptions.

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The magic of incomplete dominance

artiteacher Incomplete dominance prevents one color gene from completely dominating the other in snapdragons.

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Fun Fact

Non-Mendelian pets: The same genetic blending rules that make pink snapdragons also explain why we get calico cats and certain human blood types!

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Glossary
transposon (noun)
A DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome. In the 1980s, geneticist Enrico Coen studied these mobile elements in snapdragons at the John Innes Centre.

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Gossip

Would you try breeding your own custom flowers?

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Quiz

Why did Gregor Mendel avoid using plants like snapdragons for his foundational genetics experiments?

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Quiz

What happens when you cross-pollinate a pure red snapdragon with a pure white snapdragon?

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Quiz

What genetic term describes when red and white snapdragons blend to create pink flowers?

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Quiz

Why does a pink snapdragon have less pigment than a red snapdragon?

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Quiz

Which specific plant feature have scientists extensively studied using snapdragons as a model?

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Quiz

Why are snapdragons frequently used as a 'model organism' in scientific research?

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Quiz

What tool do gardeners use to remove the pollen-producing stamens when preparing a snapdragon to be a mother plant?

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Quiz

Why do plant breeders wrap a plastic bag over a manually pollinated snapdragon flower?

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