Chapter 1
Shrinking down to the atomic scale
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Chapter 2
The global machine that builds them
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Chapter 3
Powering the next generation of tech
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Chapter 4
Beyond the silicon wall
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YOUR GOAL
Master of Inside the 2-nanometer microchip
Ch 4 · Beyond the silicon wall
play_review Nanosheet Transistors
Stacked nanosheets allow the charge to slide, With control gates wrapped on every side.
play_review When transistors can no longer be shrunk horizontally, engineers stack them vertically in 3D configurations.
play_review Researchers are testing carbon nanotubes and graphene as potential replacements for silicon to build even smaller transistors.
BETA
play_review Drag tiny transistors into place to learn how 2-nanometer chips power future tech.
Fun Fact
Carbon nanotubes: Carbon nanotubes can conduct electricity up to twice as fast as silicon while using a fraction of the energy.
Glossary
silicon (noun)
A chemical element that is a semiconductor, widely used in making electronic circuits. TSMC plans 2025 mass production of 2-nanometer chips as silicon approaches its physical thermodynamic limits.
A chemical element that is a semiconductor, widely used in making electronic circuits. TSMC plans 2025 mass production of 2-nanometer chips as silicon approaches its physical thermodynamic limits.
Quiz
What happens to silicon's atomic structure when features shrink below 1 nanometer?
Quiz
What material made of single-atom-thick carbon cylinders is being tested to replace silicon?
Quiz
What particles do optical computers use instead of electrons to transmit data?
Quiz
In which decade do scientists estimate silicon will reach its ultimate physical limit as a semiconductor?