An ancient reef turned into city foundations
Chapter 1

The invisible sponge beneath the city

Chapter 2

When the moon pulls too hard

Chapter 3

Fighting the rising tides

YOUR GOAL

Master of Why Miami floods on sunny days

Ch 1 · The invisible sponge beneath the city
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Sunny Day Sponge
BETA

steve Sunny Day Sponge

Jul 20

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steve Miami Limestone Bedrock

Sponge under the street, ocean climbs the stone, flooding sunny days.

Jul 20

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steve An ancient reef turned into city foundations

Jul 20

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An ancient reef turned into city foundations

steve The limestone under Miami was created by ancient marine organisms during a warm period 125,000 years ago.

Jul 20

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Why traditional seawalls fail in Florida

steve Standard concrete seawalls cannot block sunny day floods because the water rises directly out of the ground.

Jul 20

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Fun Fact

Porous limestone: Water can flow through Florida's bedrock so quickly that scientists have tracked underground water moving up to several hundred feet in a single day.

Jul 20

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Glossary
limestone (noun)
A sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate. This porous bedrock under Miami allows rising ocean water to seep upward, flooding streets during king tides.

Jul 20

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Gossip

Would you live in a house that floods annually?

Jul 20

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Quiz

Why do traditional seawalls fail to prevent sunny day flooding in Miami?

Jul 20

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steve Why traditional seawalls fail in Florida

Jul 20

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Quiz

What is the name of the freshwater aquifer that supplies drinking water to Miami-Dade County?

Jul 20

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steve The limestone sponge beneath Miami streets

Jul 20

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Quiz

How does sunny day floodwater typically enter Miami's streets from below?

Jul 20

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steve The silent threat to Miami drinking water

Jul 20

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Quiz

What is the term for ocean saltwater pushing into freshwater drinking aquifers?

Jul 20

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Quiz

Approximately how many years ago did the limestone under Miami form from ancient marine life?

Jul 20

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Quiz

Which geological feature describes South Florida's incredibly flat, low-lying landscape?

Jul 20

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Quiz

Which chemical compound primarily makes up the limestone bedrock of Miami?

Jul 20

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Quiz

What type of highly porous rock makes up the foundation of Miami?

Jul 20